英語四級考試翻譯專練題(一)

　　孔子

　　孔子(Confucius)是我國古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家學派(Confucian School)的創始人。相傳孔子有弟子三千，賢弟子72人，孔子曾帶領部分弟子周游列國14年。在中國五千年的歷史上，對華夏民族的性格、氣質 (temperament)產生最大影響的人就算是孔子了。他正直、樂觀向上、積極進取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社會。他品格中的優點，幾千年來影響著中國人，特別是影響著中國的知識分子。

　　英語四級考試翻譯專練題翻譯講解

　　Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and the founder of Confucian School in ancient China. It's said he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom are excellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visit various states for 14 years. During 5,000 years' history of China, it's Confucius who has exerted the greatest impact on Chinese nation's characteristic and temperament. He is upright, optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, and seeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have been influencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years.

　　1.創始人:說思想、學派的創始人或奠基者，可以founder、creator或 originator來表達。

　　2.弟子:譯為disciple,當時的弟子多指門徒，而非當今的學生。

　　3.周游列國:可譯為visit various states 或者travel around various states。 孔子生于春秋時期，那時的國家跟現在國家的概念是不一樣的，那時的國家更適合譯作state，而不是country,如“戰國”應譯作Warring States。

　　4.積極進取:可譯為active and enterprising,其中active意為“積極的”，enterprising意為“有進取心的”。

　　5.真、善、美:應譯為truthfulness, kindness, beauty。

　　6.追求:文中兩處用到“追求”，可以分別翻譯為striving for和seeking for,以增加用詞的變化，彰顯語言功底。

　　英語四級考試翻譯專練題(二)

　　中國酒

　　中國是具有先進釀酒技術的國家之一。關于酒的發明有許多種說法，最著名的是杜康的傳說。據說杜康一天把裝有谷子(millet)的竹筒落在了樹上。十四天后偶然看見被他遺忘的竹筒，驚奇地發現筒里的谷子全變成了芳香的美酒。從此，他開始釀酒。因此，他的名字經常與酒聯系起來，這一點在曹操的詩句中也有所體現:“何以解憂，唯有杜康。”

　　英語四級考試翻譯專練題翻譯講解

　　China is one of the leading countries in wine-making in the world. There are many legends concerning the invention of alcohol. The most popular one is about Du Kang. It is said that Du Kang lost his bamboo tube, which was full of millet, on the tree one day. Fourteen days later he saw the tube by accident, and surprisingly found that the millet had turned into fragrant alcohol. Since then, inspired by this discovery, he began to make the alcohol. And for that reason, his name is often associated with alcohol, which is illustrated in Cao Cao's verses-“What can relieve my worries? Only Dukang.”

　　1.釀酒:可譯為alcohol-making。這里的“酒”多指糧食釀酒，所以用alcohol,而不用wine。

　　2.發明:酒是古人無意中創造出來的，而不是本身存在人們發掘出來的，所以用 invention。

　　3.從此，他開始釀酒:杜康偶然間發現酒的形成，受了這次偶然的啟發才開始嘗試釀酒技術，所以在翻譯這句時，最好將其中的邏輯關系一起譯出。

　　4.何以解憂，唯有杜康:中國的酒名來源甚廣，此處的杜康酒是按照人名來命名的，不是指人，所以在翻譯時應用Dukang，也與人名Du Kang作出區別。

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