Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or hcr own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?

　　Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.

　　Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace.

　　Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations far

　　more quickly than they could without the use of computer.

　　Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts. marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.

　　It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatile tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.

　　56. The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means__________.

　　A. the ability to read and write

　　B. the ability to use

　　C. literature

　　D. the knowledge of language

　　57. The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

　　A. persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroom

　　B. analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college students

　　C. identify some of the ways that computers benefit college students

　　D. describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages

　　58. According to the author, a word processor can be used to __________.

　　A. revise papers

　　B. retype papers

　　C. reduce the psychological burden of writing papers

　　D. improve the writing skills of a student

　　59. In this passage, the writer's argument is developed primarily through the use of __________.

　　A. cause-effect analysis

　　B. comparison and contrast

　　C. induction

　　D. examples

　　60. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is__________.

　　A. to learn something

　　B. to perfect themselves

　　C. to improve computer skills

　　D. to make the best use of computers

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult (迷信) of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.

　　The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.

　　The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit 'lack of communication', and larded (夾雜) with the obscenities (下流的話) and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.

　　But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄地) put it, "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.

　　61. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both __________.

　　A. occasionally aim at a certain fluidity

　　B. appear to shun perfection

　　C. from time to time show regard for the finishing touch

　　D. make use of economical short cuts

　　62. "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6～7, Paragraph 1 ) means __________.

　　A. an artist's work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standards

　　B. an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferior

　　C. the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenliness

　　D. artistic expression is inhibited by too many roles

　　63. Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which__________.

　　A. is incoherent and linguistically objectionable

　　B. is far too ungrammatical for most people to follow

　　C. unintentionally shocks the audience

　　D. tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies

　　64. The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC__________.

　　A. is the worst among all broadcasting networks

　　B. has raised English-speaking up to a new level

　　C. has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960s

　　D. is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys

　　65. Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since__________.

　　A. they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadays

　　B. they fear the children may become less coherent

　　C. more importance is now attached to oral expression

　　D. the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideas

　　【答案解析】

　　56.B

　　定位：根據題干信息可將答案直接定位到第一段第一句。

　　解析：literacy最基本的意思是tlle ability to read and write，但在本文中的literacy出現于第一段：

　　Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students.因此，此處literacy引申為“使用的能力”。故選B。

　　57.C

　　定位：根據題干信息main purpose of this passage可知解答本題需要通觀全文。

　　解析：在文章開頭處作者提到：“現在，越來越多的教育專家認為大學生一定要懂電腦。甚至還有許多人認為每個大學新生都應該隨時能使用電腦。那么，電腦能夠給大學生帶來什么好處呢?”顯然，作者下面要講的就是擁有電腦對大學生的多種好處。故C為正確選項。B項也比較有迷惑性，但文章并未提到disadvantages.故排除。

　　58.A

　　定位：根據題干信息wordprocessorcanbe usedto可將答案定位到第二段第二、三句。

　　解析：第二段提到：“雖然并非所有學生都喜歡在word文檔里寫東西，但是大部分學生都發現在電腦上進行修改和編輯更加容易。只需按下幾個鍵，你就可以修改、插入或者刪除，無需重寫或重新輸入。”可見，word程序能幫助學生編輯論文。故選A。

　　59.D

　　定位：根據題干信息the writer’s argument is developed primarily through可知解答本題需要通觀全文。

　　解析：作者為了說明自己的論點，即“擁有電腦對大學生的多種好處”，舉了很多例子：他首先指出電腦在寫論文時的用途，接著說明電腦在語言學習中的用途，然后又說明了電腦對理科學生的重要性，最后還說明其對商務專業、會計專業、教育學以及社會科學等專業的學生有何幫助。故選D。因果分析、比較對比、歸納總結等寫作方式不是本文的主要寫作方式。

　　60.A

　　定位：根據題干信息the reason for students to go to college可將答案定位到文章最后一段。解析：文章在舉例說明了電腦對各專業學生的幫助之后，再次回到首段中提到的觀點，即教育專家為什么支持學生使用電腦。作者總結道：“作為一種多功能工具，電腦能夠幫助學生學習。畢竟，這也就是讀大學的原因。”可見上大學的終極目標也就是學習。故選A。

　　【答案解析】

　　61.B

　　定位：根據題干信息詞slovenliness和arts可將答案定位到第一段第四句。

　　解析：該句提到：“有些語言工作者有意大量以邋遢、馬虎的方式使用詞匯，他們的這種做法同狂熱地迷信藝術品不需要潤飾的做法很相似。”可見二者的共同點在于都不追求完美。故選B。

　　62.A

　　定位：根據題干信息可直接將答案定位到第一段倒數第二句。

　　解析：第一段倒數第二句提到：And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced，not hindered，bydiscipline.從字面理解這句話，其意為：“……規則是對藝術的促進，而不是對藝術的阻礙。”即：沒有規矩，不成方圓;遵守規范，才會有更好的藝術。緊接著的下一句“You cannot carve sailsfactorilvinbutter.(用黃油來雕刻永遠也做不出令人滿意的藝術品。)”將此意說得更明白透徹。故選A。

　　63.A

　　定位：根據題干信息modemplays可將答案定位到第三段第二句。

　　解析：本題是問現代戲劇語言具有怎樣的特點。第三段第二句提到：“相比以前吐字極為清晰的戲劇語言，現代觀眾不得不接受的是勉強識字的人所表述的信息，而且常常被拙劣地設計成‘(現代人)溝通缺乏’的體現，很多時候還夾雜著缺乏教養的下流言語和語法錯誤。”故A為正確答案。incoherent和linguistically objectionable是對文中streams ofbarely fiterate trivia的同義轉述。

　　64.C

　　定位：根據題干信息詞BBC可將答案定位到最后一段前半部分。

　　解析：原文提到，BBC曾多年如一日地幫助提升英語的口語標準，并且卓有成效，但是隨后它就突然倒行逆施了。自20世紀60年代起，BBC開始向更廣泛的講話者人群開放。聽BBC音樂節目主持人與猿猴一般的最新流行偶像做訪談節目，絕對是一場震撼身心的言語悲劇。可見，BBC主持語言的水平從20世紀60年代起就急轉直下，故選C。

　　65.D

　　定位：根據題干信息teachers和linguistic lapses in their pupils可將答案定位到文章最后一句。

　　解析：文章最后提到：“現在學校都積極鼓勵老師們不要苛責小孩子語法不連貫、拼寫糟糕、發音蹩腳，因為他們擔心那樣做可能會扼殺孩子的創造天賦。”也就是說，老師們害怕過多地糾正小學生的語言問題會使他們不再勇于表達自己的觀點。故選D。