我們家隔壁住著一位張先生，他是一個清道夫。

　　解說:

　　a.本句為地方副詞短語置于句首的倒裝句。

　　注意：

　　地方副詞(here , there)，或地方副詞短語(in the room, at the station , by the window等)，置于句首時，其后須用倒裝句，此類倒裝句全按動詞的性質做變化，句型有下列三種:

　　(1)主語+不及物動+地方副詞/地方副詞短語

　　--> 地方副詞/地方副詞短語+不及物動+主語

　　例:An old woman sat there by the window.

　　--> There sat an old woman.

　　By the window sat an old woman.

　　那兒/窗旁坐著一位老太太。

　　本文即屬此用法。

　　(2)主語+be動詞+過去分詞+地方副詞/地方副詞短語

　　-->地方副詞/地方副詞短語+be動詞+過去分詞+主語

　　例:A temple is located on top of the hill.

　　--> On top of the hill is located a temple.

　　那山頂上坐落著一間寺廟。

　　(3)主語+be動詞+現在分詞+地方副詞/地方副詞短語

　　-->現在分詞+地方副詞/地方副詞短語+be動詞+過去分詞+主語

　　例:Some students were playing in front of the classroom.

　　-->Playing in front of the classroom were some students.

　　有些學生正在教室前面玩耍。

　　*此類方副詞或地方副詞短語所形成的倒裝句，其好處是由于倒裝句的主語在句尾，之后可接定語從句、分詞短語或介詞短語，用以修飾主語，擴大主語的內容，因而避免主語在句首修飾 語過多及與動詞相距過遠的毛病。

　　b. street-sweeper清道夫

　　sweep vt.打掃，清掃

　　三態為:sweep, swept, swept.

　　例:Mark quickly swept the floor after he spilt a glass of milk.

　　馬克在打翻一杯牛奶后就很快地清掃了地板。

　　2. He is in his early sixties and looks quite stern;but, in fact, he is easy to get along with and is always considerate of others.

　　他年約60出頭，看起來很嚴肅;但事實上，他很容易相處而且總是為別人設想。

　　解說:

　　a .in one's early sixties/mid-sixties/late sixties

　　某人年約60歲出頭/65歲左右/接近70歲

　　例:He is still in good shape in his early nineties.

　　他年約90歲出頭，但身體仍很硬朗。

　　b. stern a.嚴肅的

　　例:Although Prof. Newton is stern, we all like him.

　　雖然牛頓教授很嚴肅，但我們全都喜歡他。

　　c. get along with...與……相處

　　例:How are you getting along with the manager?

　　你與經理相處得如何?

　　d. considerate a.體諒的

　　considerable a.相當的，大量的

　　be considerate of…體諒……，為……設想

　　=be thoughtful of...

　　例:Jimmy is nice; he is always considerate of his wife.

　　吉米人很好，對太太總是很體貼。

　　Bud made considerable improvement on this exam.

　　巴德這次考試大有進步。

　　3.Even though he is uneducated, he is a pleasant man to talk to.

　　雖然他沒受過教育，但和他交談是件令人愉快的事。

　　解說:

　　a. even though…即使/雖然……

　　b. uneducated a.未受教育的，無學問的

　　educated a.受過教育的，有學養的

　　*educated常用well來修飾。

　　例:Uncle Bill is a well educated gentleman.

　　比爾叔叔是一位受過良好教育的紳士。

　　c. pleasant a.令人愉快的

　　例:It's pleasant to go on a picnic on a sunny Sunday

　　在陽光普照的星期天外出野餐是件令人愉快的事。

　　4.Rain or shine, he goes out to work in the early morning when there is little traffic on the road.

　　不論晴雨，他都會在一大早交通流量還很小時就出去工作。

　　解說:

　　a. rain or shine不論晴雨

　　=whether it rains or shines

　　=whether it's a rainy day or a sunny day

　　注意:

　　rain or shine為副詞短語，通常置于句首，用來修飾其后的主句

　　例:Rain or shine.the postman must go out to deliver the mail.

　　不論晴雨.郵涕員都必須出去遞送郵件。

　　b. traffic n.交通(量)

　　例:The traffic is always heavy on Chungshiao West Road.

　　忠孝西路上的交通流量總是很大。

　　5. Because uncaring people litter the streets with so much garbage，he cannot take a rest until noon.

　　因為那些沒有公德心的人會在街道上亂丟大量的垃圾，所以他直到中午才能休息。

　　a. uncaring a.不關切的，漫不經心的

　　caring a.關切/關心的

　　例:We were all upset by Roger's uncaring attitude toward the tragic news.

　　羅杰對那悲痛消息不關切的態度使我們都很不高興。

　　Despite all the abuse he went through, Mr. Kingsley is still very caring towards other people叫

　　雖然金斯利先生曾受過不少虐待，他仍然很關心別人。

　　b. litter vt.亂丟垃圾;使臟亂&n.垃圾

　　例:The room was littered with cigarette butts after the party.

　　聚會過后，房間丟滿了煙蒂。

　　Litter floating in streams and rivers is a sad sight.

　　垃圾漂浮在溪流和河川中是個很可悲的景象。

　　c. garbage n.垃圾

　　解說:

　　garbage , litter , trash , rubbish皆表示“垃圾”，且均為不可數名詞，如表示一件垃圾時，其前須用a piece of來修飾。

　　例:Don't dump your garbage into the river.

　　別把垃圾倒進河里

　　d. rest n.&vi.休息

　　take a rest 休息一下

　　例:Jim took a rest after reading for three hours.

　　吉姆在讀了3小時的書后停下來休息一下.

　　The farmer spent twenty minutes resting under a tree.

　　那個農夫在樹下休息了20分鐘。

　　6.To my surprise, he never complains about his hard and dirty work.

　　令我驚訝的是，他從不抱怨他那辛苦又骯臟的工作。

　　解說:

　　complain Vi.&Vt.抱怨，不滿

　　complain about+N/V-ing 抱怨……

　　例:Every time I see Lily, she complains about her lazy husband.

　　每次我看到莉莉，她都在抱怨她那位懶惰的丈夫.

　　Mr. Brown complained that his boss always finds fault with him.

　　布朗先生抱怨他的老板老是對他吹毛求疵。

　　7.In a word, I don't look down upon him just because he is a street-sweeper;instead, I respect my kind neighbor.

　　總之，我不會因他是個清道夫就看不起他;相反地，我尊敬我的這位好鄰居。

　　解說:

　　a. in a word 總之

　　=to sum up

　　=in a nutshell

　　=in conclusion

　　例:In conclusion, it's unwise of you to lend Sam money.

　　總之，你借錢給山姆是不明智的.

　　b. look down upon sb 瞧不起/輕視某人

　　=despise sb

　　despise vt.輕視

　　look up to sb 尊敬某人

　　=respect sb

　　例:We should not look down upon the poor.

　　我們不該輕視窮人

　　All the students look up to their principal.

　　所有的學生都尊敬他們的校長.

　　c. instead adv. 相反地，而

　　例:Joe didn't go to school;instead，he went to a movie with his girlfriend.

　　喬沒有去土學，而是和女友去看電影.