自考“英語（二）”應(yīng)試技巧-詞形變化
時(shí)間：
未知2
公共課
詞形變化（ Word Form ）應(yīng)試技巧 1.熟練掌握動詞詞形變化規(guī)律。注意：動詞形式既包括謂語動詞的各種形式，如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及語氣（直陳、虛擬）等，虛擬語氣為重點(diǎn)，幾年來的考題中都有這方面內(nèi)容；也包括非謂語動詞的各種形式。所以做動詞的詞形變化時(shí)，首先要搞清楚它在句中是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，然后再作相應(yīng)的變化。
2.認(rèn)真學(xué)好并熟悉課文。本題所選用的句子是根據(jù)教材中出現(xiàn)的句子編寫的，其中多數(shù)來自課文，所以熟悉教材十分重要。
3.認(rèn)真鉆研相關(guān)的語法講解。主要指謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞比較等級、情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣\形容詞比較級、最高級，等部分。
動詞：動詞是考試的重點(diǎn)。主要包括：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞。
1）動詞的時(shí)態(tài)：重點(diǎn)是動詞的過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)。
So far， Irving ______（live） in New York City for ten years. has lived
Many a writer of newspaper articles_______（trun） to writing novels during the past decade. has turned
Some people think relations between people _______（deteriorate） so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______（happen） to her.
had happened
In the past two decades， research _____（expand） our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded
2）動詞的語態(tài)：主要掌握各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動式。
The nations that _______actively ________（involve） in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， Russia， and the United States. are involved
There __________（estimate） to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. were estimated
3）動詞的語氣：
A.掌握非真實(shí)條件句中，謂語動詞在主句和條件句中的虛擬語氣形式。
If you had come earlier， you ______ （not miss） the first act of the play.
would not have missed
If it hadn‘t been for your help， we _____（be） in real trouble.
would have been
B.在表示建議、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“緊迫性”等含義的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，由“動詞原形”或“should + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。 should 常常省略
I would recommend that you _______（think） about doing something similar for yourself. （should） think
It was imperative that students ______（finish） their papers before July 1st.
（should） finish
C.動詞wish 、would rather （sooner）、if only、as if 后的虛擬語氣。
I would rather he _____（buy） the house next year.
bought （ 表示從句中動作尚未發(fā)生）
She treats me as if I ______ （be） a stranger. were
The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____（ meet） them before.
had met
If only we ______（have） a phone！ I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.
D.in case ， for fear that ， lest 等詞后從句的謂語動詞為（should） + 原形。
He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ （rain.）
?。╯hould） rain
E.在It is （high） time that 從句中謂語動詞一般用過去時(shí)動詞。
It‘s high time that we _______（take） firm measures to protect our environment. took
F.時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間調(diào)整。
如果我們早動身，現(xiàn)在就不會在雨中走了。
If we had set out earlier，we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain.
（從句中動作發(fā)生在過去，主句中動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在。）
4）動詞的非謂語動詞形式：
A.動詞不定式：主要考查動詞不定式作定語、賓語、賓語或主語補(bǔ)足語等的用法。還要注意動詞不定式的被動式與完成式。
不定式作定語：If there is no choice， there is no decision ______（make） to be made
不定式作賓語： Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________（see） . to be seen
不定式作賓補(bǔ) I notice him _______（ leave ） the classroom. leave （可省略to）
不定式作主補(bǔ)：They were often compelled ______（work） twelve or fourteen hours a day.
to work（ 不可省略to）
We make them （to） work day and night. 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語，在有些動詞后可以省略TO
They are made to work day and night. 不定式作主語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，不可省略TO
B.分詞：主要考查分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。 另外，還有現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式與完成式的形式。
分詞作定語：Anyone ______（want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. wanting
As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals _____（use） in experiments may decrease. used
分詞作狀語： When ______（present） with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. presented
________ （tell） that some guests were coming ， she shopped all morning in the supermarket. Having been told
Her body， with hands and feet _______（bind） ， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. bound
分詞做賓補(bǔ)： They may have their passports ______（remove） ， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. removed
動名詞作賓語：If you cannot understand ， ask： “ Would you mind ______（rephrase） the question ， please ？” rephrasing
If we don‘t start out now， we must risk ______（miss） the train.
missing
形容詞副詞：
The more time you waste， the _____（easy） it is to continue wasting time.easier
As Jane was the _____（old） ， she looked after the other children in the family. eldest
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：
The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____（trick）situation .
trick是名詞或動詞，應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~tricky
These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____（specialize） in its function.
specialize 是動詞，應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~ specific或 special
2.認(rèn)真學(xué)好并熟悉課文。本題所選用的句子是根據(jù)教材中出現(xiàn)的句子編寫的，其中多數(shù)來自課文，所以熟悉教材十分重要。
3.認(rèn)真鉆研相關(guān)的語法講解。主要指謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞比較等級、情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣\形容詞比較級、最高級，等部分。
動詞：動詞是考試的重點(diǎn)。主要包括：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞。
1）動詞的時(shí)態(tài)：重點(diǎn)是動詞的過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)。
So far， Irving ______（live） in New York City for ten years. has lived
Many a writer of newspaper articles_______（trun） to writing novels during the past decade. has turned
Some people think relations between people _______（deteriorate） so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______（happen） to her.
had happened
In the past two decades， research _____（expand） our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded
2）動詞的語態(tài)：主要掌握各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動式。
The nations that _______actively ________（involve） in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， Russia， and the United States. are involved
There __________（estimate） to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. were estimated
3）動詞的語氣：
A.掌握非真實(shí)條件句中，謂語動詞在主句和條件句中的虛擬語氣形式。
If you had come earlier， you ______ （not miss） the first act of the play.
would not have missed
If it hadn‘t been for your help， we _____（be） in real trouble.
would have been
B.在表示建議、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“緊迫性”等含義的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，由“動詞原形”或“should + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。 should 常常省略
I would recommend that you _______（think） about doing something similar for yourself. （should） think
It was imperative that students ______（finish） their papers before July 1st.
（should） finish
C.動詞wish 、would rather （sooner）、if only、as if 后的虛擬語氣。
I would rather he _____（buy） the house next year.
bought （ 表示從句中動作尚未發(fā)生）
She treats me as if I ______ （be） a stranger. were
The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____（ meet） them before.
had met
If only we ______（have） a phone！ I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.
D.in case ， for fear that ， lest 等詞后從句的謂語動詞為（should） + 原形。
He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ （rain.）
?。╯hould） rain
E.在It is （high） time that 從句中謂語動詞一般用過去時(shí)動詞。
It‘s high time that we _______（take） firm measures to protect our environment. took
F.時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間調(diào)整。
如果我們早動身，現(xiàn)在就不會在雨中走了。
If we had set out earlier，we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain.
（從句中動作發(fā)生在過去，主句中動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在。）
4）動詞的非謂語動詞形式：
A.動詞不定式：主要考查動詞不定式作定語、賓語、賓語或主語補(bǔ)足語等的用法。還要注意動詞不定式的被動式與完成式。
不定式作定語：If there is no choice， there is no decision ______（make） to be made
不定式作賓語： Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________（see） . to be seen
不定式作賓補(bǔ) I notice him _______（ leave ） the classroom. leave （可省略to）
不定式作主補(bǔ)：They were often compelled ______（work） twelve or fourteen hours a day.
to work（ 不可省略to）
We make them （to） work day and night. 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語，在有些動詞后可以省略TO
They are made to work day and night. 不定式作主語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，不可省略TO
B.分詞：主要考查分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。 另外，還有現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式與完成式的形式。
分詞作定語：Anyone ______（want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. wanting
As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals _____（use） in experiments may decrease. used
分詞作狀語： When ______（present） with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. presented
________ （tell） that some guests were coming ， she shopped all morning in the supermarket. Having been told
Her body， with hands and feet _______（bind） ， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. bound
分詞做賓補(bǔ)： They may have their passports ______（remove） ， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. removed
動名詞作賓語：If you cannot understand ， ask： “ Would you mind ______（rephrase） the question ， please ？” rephrasing
If we don‘t start out now， we must risk ______（miss） the train.
missing
形容詞副詞：
The more time you waste， the _____（easy） it is to continue wasting time.easier
As Jane was the _____（old） ， she looked after the other children in the family. eldest
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：
The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____（trick）situation .
trick是名詞或動詞，應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~tricky
These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____（specialize） in its function.
specialize 是動詞，應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~ specific或 special