英語四級寫作中詞匯量不足的應(yīng)急措施
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英語四級作文
在四六級作文中，詞匯量不足是影響成績的一個重要因素。一個意思往往因為一個單詞不會而表達(dá)不清，一個好的句子也會因為一個詞匯想不起來而不能完成。如何應(yīng)付這種情況使作文順利進(jìn)行下去？下面是三種簡便易行的應(yīng)急措施可能對你會有所幫助。
1.試用籠統(tǒng)詞
英語語言中籠統(tǒng)詞又have, take等，籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點在于意義廣泛，搭配性強，構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達(dá)一個動作，卻能大致表達(dá)意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候，用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代，也能收到異曲同工的效果。
例如：我經(jīng)歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。
I experienced a terrible hard time. 這一句中，experience被遺忘時，用have代替，成為：I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表達(dá)的意義決不亞于第一句。這樣的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節(jié)較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此，在作文應(yīng)試中，籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。
2.聯(lián)想有關(guān)詞匯
當(dāng)遺忘產(chǎn)生時，或遇到未曾學(xué)過的詞時，應(yīng)采取放射性思維，發(fā)揮想象力，想出一切與之有關(guān)的單詞，利用語言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，多層次，多角度地運用語言。一般情況下，聯(lián)想可按下列思路進(jìn)行：1聯(lián)想同義詞；2聯(lián)想反義詞。
英語語言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規(guī)律，由于某個單詞受阻而影響全篇寫作的情況便不會出現(xiàn)。試看下列句子：
I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用頻率不太高，因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。再比如：I don‘t understand this word. 也可以說成 I don’t know this word.
另外：He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
3. 試用解釋性語句
語言的功能在于表達(dá)，而表達(dá)的方式是多種多樣的。當(dāng)一個詞影響到??以溝通。英語當(dāng)中多功能解釋性語句，就可以起到這一作用。請看下面的句子：
He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak.
He refused. = He said “no”.
I‘ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other‘s advice.
解釋性語句能幫助我們巧妙地避開一些大詞，難詞，又能使意思表達(dá)流暢，不失為一聰明之舉。比較下面兩篇
1.試用籠統(tǒng)詞
英語語言中籠統(tǒng)詞又have, take等，籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點在于意義廣泛，搭配性強，構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達(dá)一個動作，卻能大致表達(dá)意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候，用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代，也能收到異曲同工的效果。
例如：我經(jīng)歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。
I experienced a terrible hard time. 這一句中，experience被遺忘時，用have代替，成為：I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表達(dá)的意義決不亞于第一句。這樣的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節(jié)較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此，在作文應(yīng)試中，籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。
2.聯(lián)想有關(guān)詞匯
當(dāng)遺忘產(chǎn)生時，或遇到未曾學(xué)過的詞時，應(yīng)采取放射性思維，發(fā)揮想象力，想出一切與之有關(guān)的單詞，利用語言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，多層次，多角度地運用語言。一般情況下，聯(lián)想可按下列思路進(jìn)行：1聯(lián)想同義詞；2聯(lián)想反義詞。
英語語言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規(guī)律，由于某個單詞受阻而影響全篇寫作的情況便不會出現(xiàn)。試看下列句子：
I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用頻率不太高，因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。再比如：I don‘t understand this word. 也可以說成 I don’t know this word.
另外：He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
3. 試用解釋性語句
語言的功能在于表達(dá)，而表達(dá)的方式是多種多樣的。當(dāng)一個詞影響到??以溝通。英語當(dāng)中多功能解釋性語句，就可以起到這一作用。請看下面的句子：
He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak.
He refused. = He said “no”.
I‘ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other‘s advice.
解釋性語句能幫助我們巧妙地避開一些大詞，難詞，又能使意思表達(dá)流暢，不失為一聰明之舉。比較下面兩篇