英語六級考前語法精析之不定式
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語法
1.不定式做主語
(1)引導邏輯主語的介詞:不定式的邏輯主語一般由介詞for引導,但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語時, 不定式的邏輯主語則由of引導:
absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如:
It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
(2)不定式做主語補足語:
掌握常用不定式做主語補足語的句型。注意不定式表示的動作發(fā)生的時間,并采用相應形式。如: be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.
2.不定式做賓語
掌握要求接不定式做賓語的動詞:
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如:
Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.
3.不定式做定語
(1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定詞時,該名詞用不定式做定語。如:
the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一個登上月球的女性
(2)如果其動詞要求不定式做賓語,相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如: tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do
This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.
(3)如果其形容詞形式要求接不定式做補語,相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如: ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” curiosity to do “對……的好奇心”→be curious to do“對……好奇” ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”
According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.
(4)表示方式、原因、時間、機會、權利等名詞用不定式做定語,這些名詞包括:
way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (運動),effort等。如:I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem. (5)不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot習慣上用不定式做定語。如: Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.
4.不定式做狀語
不定式做狀語主要表示目的、程度、結果、方式。
(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)結構引導目的狀語,so as to不能臵于句首。如: (2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to結構做程度狀語。如:
The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.
(3)不定式做結果狀語只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾,表示不愉快的結果,有時用only加強語氣。常見的不定式動詞有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如:
Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.
(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義。如:
I am only too pleased to hear from you further.
(1)引導邏輯主語的介詞:不定式的邏輯主語一般由介詞for引導,但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語時, 不定式的邏輯主語則由of引導:
absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如:
It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
(2)不定式做主語補足語:
掌握常用不定式做主語補足語的句型。注意不定式表示的動作發(fā)生的時間,并采用相應形式。如: be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.
2.不定式做賓語
掌握要求接不定式做賓語的動詞:
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如:
Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.
3.不定式做定語
(1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定詞時,該名詞用不定式做定語。如:
the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一個登上月球的女性
(2)如果其動詞要求不定式做賓語,相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如: tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do
This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.
(3)如果其形容詞形式要求接不定式做補語,相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如: ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” curiosity to do “對……的好奇心”→be curious to do“對……好奇” ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”
According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.
(4)表示方式、原因、時間、機會、權利等名詞用不定式做定語,這些名詞包括:
way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (運動),effort等。如:I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem. (5)不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot習慣上用不定式做定語。如: Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.
4.不定式做狀語
不定式做狀語主要表示目的、程度、結果、方式。
(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)結構引導目的狀語,so as to不能臵于句首。如: (2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to結構做程度狀語。如:
The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.
(3)不定式做結果狀語只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾,表示不愉快的結果,有時用only加強語氣。常見的不定式動詞有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如:
Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.
(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義。如:
I am only too pleased to hear from you further.