英語六級(jí)考前語法精析之時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)
時(shí)間:
未知2
語法
時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)需要掌握的要點(diǎn):
1.表達(dá)將來時(shí)的形式:
(1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí),但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型,如:
I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告訴他你什么時(shí)候再來電話。(賓語從句) 比較:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打電話時(shí)我告訴他。(狀語從句)
(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí),如:
See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)
2.完成時(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)測(cè)試的重點(diǎn),注意與完成時(shí)連用的句型和時(shí)間狀語:
(1)by/between/up to/till +過去時(shí)間、since、by the time/when +表示過去發(fā)生情況的從句,主句用過去完成時(shí)。如:
Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.
(表示1919年時(shí)已發(fā)生的情況)
(2)by +將來時(shí)間、by the time/ when +謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句,主句用將來完成時(shí)。如:
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
(3)by now、since +過去時(shí)間、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具體數(shù)字)years/days/months,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 但在it is +具體時(shí)間since/before這一句型中,主句更多的時(shí)候不用完成時(shí)。如:
It is four years since John left school.
(4)在It is the +序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+that的定語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:
It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.
(5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用過去完成時(shí)。
3.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指動(dòng)作在完成時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上還要繼續(xù)下去。如:
The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.
時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)答題思路:
(1)先根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)確定考題要點(diǎn)為時(shí)態(tài),然后回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時(shí)間狀語,縮小選擇范圍,進(jìn)而選出正確答案;
(2)根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語或非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系,確定句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
1.表達(dá)將來時(shí)的形式:
(1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí),但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型,如:
I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告訴他你什么時(shí)候再來電話。(賓語從句) 比較:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打電話時(shí)我告訴他。(狀語從句)
(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí),如:
See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)
2.完成時(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)測(cè)試的重點(diǎn),注意與完成時(shí)連用的句型和時(shí)間狀語:
(1)by/between/up to/till +過去時(shí)間、since、by the time/when +表示過去發(fā)生情況的從句,主句用過去完成時(shí)。如:
Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.
(表示1919年時(shí)已發(fā)生的情況)
(2)by +將來時(shí)間、by the time/ when +謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句,主句用將來完成時(shí)。如:
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
(3)by now、since +過去時(shí)間、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具體數(shù)字)years/days/months,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 但在it is +具體時(shí)間since/before這一句型中,主句更多的時(shí)候不用完成時(shí)。如:
It is four years since John left school.
(4)在It is the +序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+that的定語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:
It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.
(5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用過去完成時(shí)。
3.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指動(dòng)作在完成時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上還要繼續(xù)下去。如:
The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.
時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)答題思路:
(1)先根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)確定考題要點(diǎn)為時(shí)態(tài),然后回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時(shí)間狀語,縮小選擇范圍,進(jìn)而選出正確答案;
(2)根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語或非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系,確定句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。